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Air flotation devices, essential in water treatment, can be classified into several distinct types, each with unique features and applications.
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) machines are widely used. There are two main subtypes: pressure DAF and vacuum DAF. Pressure DAF dissolves air in water under high pressure and then releases it under reduced pressure to generate microbubbles. These fine bubbles can effectively adhere to contaminants, ensuring high separation efficiency. Vacuum DAF creates a vacuum environment to release dissolved air, achieving solid - liquid separation.
The induced air flotation (IAF) machines, like the popular cavitation air flotation (CAF) devices, rely on mechanical means. They use high - speed rotating impellers to create a negative pressure zone, drawing in air. The air is then sheared into relatively large bubbles and released through diffusers. This type features a simple structure and low energy consumption, making it suitable for oily wastewater treatment.
Shallow - depth air flotation machines adopt a shallow - pool design combined with a rotating water distributor. This innovative design significantly shortens the retention time of water in the device, enabling rapid separation. As a result, they require less space, making them an ideal choice for sites with limited area.
Electrolytic air flotation machines operate by electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen and oxygen microbubbles. These bubbles adsorb charged pollutants, causing them to float. Since this method doesn't require chemical additives, it's particularly suitable for treating emulsified oils, heavy metals, or refractory organic compounds.
Finally, nano - bubble air flotation machines generate nanoscale bubbles. Thanks to their large specific surface area, these bubbles have a strong adsorption capacity, making them highly effective in separating fine particles and colloidal substances.
